Liao+Dynasty

 The Liao Dynasty was founded by a nomadic group from Manchuria, called the Khitan people, in 907. These people depended on the animals that were being hunted, and whenever there were animal shortages, these people traded with China for goods such as silk, grain, tea, and crafts. They were located at the north of the Song Empire. Over time, both of these empires fought with one another. The Song, led by emperor Taizu, wanted to conquer the Liao dynasty, but was unable to do so. In the beginning of the year 1004, the Song was forced to sign humiliating treaties with the Liao. The cause of this was the sheer military power that the Liao had over the Song. These treaties made it so that the Song had to pay tributes to the Liao Empire to prevent them from raiding, and possibly conquering the Song territories. Although it seemed as though the Song was at the mercy of the Liao, the Liao actually saw the Song Empire as a culturally superior group, and were influenced heavily by their culture.
 * The Liao dynasty were overthrown by a nomadic contender, called the Jurchens, in 1115
 * The Jurchens then established the Jin Kingdom, that was located north of the Song Empire.
 * Annexed most of Yellow River basin which was the Qin Empire
 * The Jurchens' conquests lead to the Song Dynasty/people to flee towards the south.